THE NEURAL NETWORK OF PERM POLYTECH SCIENTISTS WILL REDUCE EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM AIRCRAFT

30 June 2022 127

Vyacheslav Nikulin, one of the developers, assistant, training master of the Department “Automation and Telemechanics” of Perm Polytech, said that smoke, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides could be attributed to uncontrolled emissions of aircraft engines that polluted the environment. Nitrogen oxides were the most dangerous: they destroyed the ozone layer and increased the level of radiation on the Earth's surface. The new standards adopted in 2020 by the International Civil Aviation Organization determined the development of new, "clean" combustion chambers for modern aircraft engines. We have proposed using an adaptive virtual meter of harmful substances based on neural and fuzzy technology.

Scientists reduced the level of harmful substances by redistributing fuel through various collectors. At the same time, the gas dynamic stability in the combustion chamber is preserved. The fuel-air mixture is evenly distributed due to transverse pulsations, and its parameters can be tracked using the coefficient of the combustion chamber.

Professor of the Department “Automation and Telemechanics”, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Yuri Khizhnyakov said that gas turbine engines of aircraft operated in conditions of uncertainty. Therefore, they have used a toolkit of soft computing technologies, which was based on fuzzy systems, probabilistic models, neural networks and genetic algorithms. The neural network analyzed the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber, fuel consumption and other parameters. With its help, you could determine the level of oxidizer in the combustion chamber in real time, as well as predicted the amount of harmful substances that the aircraft would emit during takeoff and landing.

The neural part of the meter consists of two perceptrons. The first one determines the air flow rate, which corrects the gas temperature during takeoff and landing using a fuzzy controller. A built-in sensor measures the temperature of the gas in the combustion chamber. The second perceptron calculates the level of nitric oxide.

Calculations of Perm Polytech scientists have confirmed that the technology allows reducing the amount of emissions in the area of the airfield. The meter can be integrated into the aircraft's automatic control system for continuous monitoring of harmful substances.

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