News 2022

Now more and more attention is paid to the process of restoration of nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial and agricultural waste. This is connected with the need to implement the concept of sustainable development of society, based on the circular economy. These elements are biogenic, vital for plant growth. Phosphorus reserves are limited, and the process of obtaining nitrogen is energy-consuming. Potential sources of secondary raw materials are water waste from many industries: the fertilizer industry, pharmaceutical products, semiconductor production and agriculture. The recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus allows not only to reduce the consumption of non-renewable mineral resources, but also to reduce the saturation of natural water bodies with biogenic elements, the excess of which leads to swamping of water bodies and to a decrease in the amount of drinking water. To solve this problem, PNRPU scientists have developed a new approach that has increased the efficiency of extracting ammonium (a form of nitrogen) and phosphate (a form of phosphorus) from industrial waste water to 98-99%. The traditional method does not achieve such results. Moreover, the technology of Perm scientists will make it possible to produce domestically produced long-acting fertilizer based on struvite (a phosphate mineral) and will contribute to the import substitution of foreign analogues.

The method of laser powder surfacing is used to restore worn-out or damaged metal parts. A powerful fiber laser creates a molten weld pool, and then metal powder is automatically fed into it. A common problem that occurs in this process is the deformation of the part, being repaired, under the action of internal stresses. This leads to a defect called warping. One of the aims of developing a technological process for the repair of parts by laser powder surfacing is the prediction of warping defects. The determination of the optimal defect-free surfacing mode for specific parts experimentally is unprofitable due to high financial and time costs and often even impossible. The researchers of the PNRPU together with JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel” developed a mathematical model for calculating warping during laser powder surfacing to solve this problem. The scientists were able to predict with high accuracy the behavior of the part during the surfacing process thanks to numerical simulations. In the future, the development will help in choosing the optimal set of parameters for repairing parts with the most complicated parts.

The president of the Russian Federation in the Executive Order on Russia’s national development goals through 2030 requires the use of new modern methods of strategic management of oil producing companies with a focus on international cooperation. For the first time in the world and domestic theory and practice scientists of Perm National Research Polytechnic University have created an information system of strategic management, which responds in real time to changes in external and internal environment, quickly makes technical, technological or organisational decisions when controlling the operation of equipment at different depths of the well during its drilling and operation. The management model allows for leadership orientation and increases the competitiveness of companies in an unstable market.

Cement plants are one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. This has a negative impact on the environment. Russian cement plants most often use the wet production method, which leaves the largest carbon footprint. The scientists at Perm Polytechnic University assessed the carbon dioxide emissions using the example of large cement plants of the Urals region and suggested ways to reduce greenhouse gases.

One of the most common complications in the production and transportation of oil is the formation of organic deposits. On the territory of the Perm Krai, a similar phenomenon occurs very often. The most common and effective way to solve this problem is the use of chemicals. The main principle of their action is to reduce the saturation temperature of oil with paraffins and prevent the formation of organic deposits. Scientists of the Perm Polytech have proposed a method for determining the effectiveness of reagents on a modern WaxFlowLoop installation. The development will help increase the technological and economic efficiency of oil production, and reduce maintenance costs and  minimize the risk of accidents at oil wells. Also, the development of scientists will make it possible to preserve valuable components in the composition of oil - high-molecular compounds that are used to produce petrochemical products.

Paper production has a complex technological process and is often accompanied by a large number of defective products. Scientists of the Perm Polytech have determined the optimal parameters for the production of paper products. The development will optimize the technological process and reduce the amount of marriage at the production stage.

A goat is an animal whose milk is better than the cow one in many components. It differs significantly in composition by the total content of fat, vitamins, trace elements and lactose. Goat milk is especially beneficial for children. The fact that this milk contains lactic acid microorganisms has long been known. However, the isolation of specific strains with high activity and optimal physiological and biochemical properties is an urgent task today. Researchers at the Perm Polytech isolated a pure culture of lactic acid bacteria and determined its antibiotic properties using the diffusion method.

Many reinforced concrete buildings and structures are constantly under the influence of seismic, wind and traffic loads. They can lead to premature and rapid destruction of building structures. It is difficult to predict the behavior of concrete under repeated loads, as it requires lengthy and time-consuming experiments. Scientists from the Perm Polytech proposed using structural simulation to determine the current resource of reinforced concrete structures. This will increase their durability without additional costs.

Determination of reservoir pressure in well selection zones is a key task for monitoring the development of hydrocarbon fields. Direct measurements of reservoir pressure require long shutdowns of wells, which leads to a shortage in the production of raw materials and cause technical problems with the subsequent start-up of wells. Perm Polytech scientists have created a software product based on artificial intelligence methods, which will simulate a virtual well survey with reservoir pressure determination at any time promptly.

Today, aluminum is produced using expensive raw material called fluorspar. The demand is growing and stocks are reducing. Scientists of the Perm Polytech proposed to obtain aluminum fluoride by the "dry method". A more eco-friendly and advanced method will improve the quality of the product, will dispose the waste from the production of phosphoric acid and will save the money of the enterprise. The development will also help replace imported raw materials in aluminum production and ensure the country's technological sovereignty.

Waste disposal sites cause environmental harm. Landfills emit harmful substances into the atmosphere, pollute natural waters and deteriorate the quality of the soil. With the development of waste disposal technologies, the issue of old burial sites remains unresolved. A promising solution to this problem is to obtain energy resources from landfill soil. Scientists of the Perm Polytech conducted field and laboratory studies and assessed the energy of the buried waste. The results will be useful for the development of technologies for the elimination of old landfills.

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Researchers from Perm Polytech have proposed a method that will allow for better and safer management of water-supply system and water disposal system. Complex and unpredictable processes occur in these systems, which it is impossible to regulate using conventional technique. An approach based on fuzzy control will allow for more precise regulation of water consumption in pipelines. Scientists verified the effectiveness of this method.The results of the study were presented in the magazine “PNRPU Newsletter. Electrical engineering, information technology and management system”.

Today young people don’t have motivation and interest to explore something new. And of course it is considered the serious problem of modernity. Researcher from Perm Polytechnic University developed the app that will help students and schoolchildren to learn the programming language  that is popular in sphere of IT, in a playful way.

The development took the 2th place in the competition of projects "Innovators of PNRPU 2022" and the competition "Test Drive of UrFU 2019".

The development of researchers from Perm Polytech will make the details of airplanes, cars and ships stronger. It also can be used to cover buildings. Scientists processed polymer composite materials using gamma and microwave irradiation. Scientists have processed polymer composite materials using gamma and microwave irradiation. This helped to change the structure of composites, making them more durable and flexible. At the moment there are no analogs of development in the world.

The scientists published the results of the study in the magazine "High Energy Chemistry".

Today, in some areas, it is simply impossible to work without automatic content generation. Electronic mailing of letters, product reviews, relevant headlines and separate paragraphs for articles — all this is the work of services that create various text content. Perm Polytech researchers have developed a model of a program for generating words, sentences and text based on a matrix combinatorial algorithm. The technology is applicable for languages whose writing is based on the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.

The results of the work are presented in the periodical "Austria science".

Emissions from aircraft engines at airfields are the main source of environmental pollution. In particular, nitrogen oxides can destroy the ozone layer and increase the level of radiation on the Earth's surface. Since 2020, the International Civil Aviation Organization has adopted new standards for emissions of harmful substances of modern types of aircraft. Perm Polytech scientists have developed a neural network-based meter that will track the release of harmful substances from gas turbine engines into the atmosphere.

The developers presented the results of the study in the compilation 2021 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus).

In high-precision instrumentation, hysteresis magnets are used, which are used as part of navigation system engines. For their stable operation, internal systems must have a high level of temperature and time stability, providing the required performance. Scientists of the Perm Polytech have adjusted and stabilized the magnetic properties of a Russian-made nanostructured alloy, which will allow the navigation system to maintain the required properties for a long time.

The results of their work are presented in the periodical "Izvestiya vuzov. Powder Metallurgy and functional coatings 2021".

Today in Russia there is a great demand for domestic-made electronics, in particular, for special-purpose electronics used in space and other fields. Scientists have proposed a way to increase the reliability of computing systems through the optimal use of redundancy, backup.

The study was published in the periodical "Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ElConRus".

Innovative products are becoming more and more science-intensive and have an increasing number of modifications, so their production each time requires more complex and expensive resources. At the same time, the product lifecycle time is shortened, and mistakes in decision-making when choosing a product are becoming more expensive for enterprises. A scientist of Perm Polytech has developed a concept that will allow the use of predictive management based on the forecast of demand and the price of products, therefore increasing the company's income.

Approximately 300 million tons of polymers are produced every year, 80% of which are sent after using to landfills and incinerators. Due to the decomposition or combustion of polymers, dangerous chemical compounds are emitted into the atmosphere and are the threaten to the environment and living organisms. Scientists from Perm Polytech have created the unique technology, which utilizes plastic waste with the receipt of road construction materials. 

70% electricity in Russia is generated by burning solid fuels, and consequently 50 million tons of ash and slag waste are produced annually. However, their reuse isn’t widespread enough. Developers from Perm Polytech suggested to use them as raw materials for strengthening retaining structures of roadways.

Due to the technology, it will be easier to cope with the ice on roads and reduce the level of car accidents. The idea was to use road surface based on polyurethane and composites from rubble and locate them in places with high level of accidents. The risks of using the technology were also estimated with the evidence its safety.

Over the last decades, synthetic biology has been developed, in which unique biological systems are created with "programmed" functions and properties. Due to these researchers, biosensors, drug delivery platforms and biocomputers can be developed. Scientists have improved the accuracy of gene regulatory network, allowing to predict the behavior of genetic systems.

Sustainability of complex industrial systems will be increased due to the new technology, which can be used in the operation of power plants, gas trunk pipelines, ships and engine production. The development will help to increase the end-of-life of the equipment, reduce vibrations and prevent accidents during gas transportation. There is an opportunity reducing the cost of operating the units by 20%, and installation - by more than half.

Nowadays, the preservation of architectural heritage in Russia is becoming an increasingly urgent problem. Unique buildings are gradually being destroyed, and not all objects can be restored for various reasons. Digital technologies enable to “save” architectural monuments. Perm Polytech scientists are creating a universal useful database for analyzing and collecting information about historical and architectural objects in order to reconstruct buildings. When using the database, next generations can study the architecture.

Over 260 million cubic meters of municipal solid waste is generated in Russia every year. Only 10% of valuable resources are extracted from them, and the rest is buried in landfills. Researchers from Perm Polytech University have proposed a way to obtain safe and environmentally friendly fuel from biogenic waste. The development will help maximize the amount of recycled waste and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmentalists have already patented the technology.

In Russia, as of these days, when designing new buildings, their influence on wind flows is not taken into account. Abroad, these indicators are regulated by regulatory documents. Perm Polytech University scientists are developing a methodology that will help predict the aeration of the adjacent territory. This will prevent the spread of pollutants, as well as ensure normal air circulation.

On January 12, Perm Polytech University hosted an online signing ceremony of a cooperation agreement between PNRPU and Fuzhou Vocational Technical Institute (PRC). The signing of the document was attended by Nikolai Shevelev, the acting First Vice-rector of Perm Polytech and Yan Boshi, member of the party committee, deputy director of Fuzhou Vocational Institute.

The experts of the national project "Ecology of Russia" have chosen the most useful and significant scientific discoveries for the environment of the past year. The project of researchers from Perm Polytech University was noted in the direction of Construction. Scientists have developed a technology that will improve building materials with the help of cellulose waste.